NEBRA Launches Universal Proof Aggregation

Blockchain research organization NEBRA is launching a technique called Universal Proof Aggregation (UPA), which enables the combination of multiple zero-knowledge proofs into a single compact proof. This innovation aims to reduce costly blockchain verification processes.

The system will go live on Ethereum in an effort to lower high proof settlement costs. Zero-knowledge technology, which allows verification without disclosing information, is commonly used in various blockchain applications like zkVM, zkRollups, and zk coprocessors.

“Low throughput and the high cost of verification are major obstacles preventing applications from taking full advantage of ZKP technology,” stated Shumo Chu, co-founder and CEO of NEBRA.

Implementing zero-knowledge technology can be expensive due to complex computations. For instance, estimating from the Ethereum.org blog, verifying a zk-SNARK proof for zk-rollups costs approximately 500,000 gas, translating into higher fees for rollup users to cover these verification expenses.

By aggregating several ZK proofs aiming to settle their batched data on-chain, the NEBRA aggregator potentially cuts costs by up to 10 times less compared to verifying a ZK rollup in isolation. Early users of UPA include Worldcoin, Brevis, and Altlayer.

“Think of Nebra UPA like a carpool for zero-knowledge proofs on the blockchain. Just like with Uber Share, the more people you pick up, the more everyone saves,” the spokesperson explained. “Moreover, since UPA is open and universal, it swiftly consolidates proofs from diverse sources, minimizing the time required to achieve economies of scale unlike other app-specific or VM-specific aggregations that rely on intrinsic volume within their respective ecosystems.”

NEBRA previously secured $4.5 million in pre-seed and seed round funding led by Nascent and Bankless Ventures, with additional participation from a16z’s Crypto Startup Accelerator.