Bolivia’s Changing Political Landscape

By Monica Machicao and Lucinda Elliott

LA PAZ (Reuters) – The rise in power and influence of the Indigenous Aymara in Bolivia has marked the biggest political shift in recent decades, fueled by the success of former President Evo Morales and his leftist party, the Movement to Socialism (MAS).

However, as Bolivia approaches its general election on August 17, it appears that Indigenous voters are turning away from MAS, the party that once represented their interests. Voters from Aymara and Quechua communities express discontent, citing the country’s severe economic crisis and shifting priorities among younger Bolivians.

Sayuri Loza, an Aymara social media influencer, highlighted that many Indigenous people are focused on economic survival rather than identity politics.

“Most Indigenous people are having to deal with how to earn money,” said Loza, whose vote will not go to MAS.

Bolivia, with about 62% Indigenous population, has seen MAS dominate politics for nearly two decades. However, recent surveys indicate a sharp decline in support for leftist candidates. Andronico Rodriguez, the leading leftist contender, has dropped from 19% to just 6% in July.

Younger voters, particularly those under 35, are disillusioned with the promises made by MAS. Lirio Fuertes, a fashion brand owner and Quechua language teacher, asserts that while Indigenous identity was emphasized in speeches, tangible improvements in healthcare and education have not materialized.

Renzo Abruzzese, a Bolivian sociologist, noted that the emerging Indigenous middle class is moving beyond identity politics and prioritizing practical needs.

The election of Morales in 2006 was a significant moment for Indigenous rights in Bolivia. However, since then, tensions have surfaced, particularly around the government’s treatment of Indigenous territories. Morales, now in hiding due to legal troubles, has become a symbol of disillusionment for many.

MAS, seeking to regain trust, is facing a critical economic crisis. With plummeting natural gas exports and soaring inflation, many Indigenous voters are shifting their focus from identity to economic stability.

Political analyst Andres Gomez noted, “The ‘wallet vote’ is starting to outweigh the identity vote.” Worries persist about how this shift will impact election outcomes, as leading conservative candidates struggle to obtain majority support.

This election cycle presents challenges for MAS, with many Indigenous voters skeptical of both the ruling party and right-wing alternatives.

Conclusion

The evolving political sentiments among Indigenous voters reflect a broader economic dissatisfaction and a desire for significant change beyond identity politics.